Coverage and Timeliness of Routine Childhood Immunization: Disparities in Rural versus Urban Districts

by Ana Vega-Molina, María F. Ríos-Delgado

Abstract

We quantify coverage shortfalls for the pentavalent and measles-containing vaccines, decomposing the urban-rural gap into geographic, socioeconomic and service-access components.

1. Introduction

Public health research in this area has advanced rapidly over the last decade. Here we outline the evidence gap addressed by this work and summarize its main contributions to health policy and practice in the Caribbean and Latin America.

2. Materials and Methods

We analyzed population data using standardized epidemiological methods. Quantitative analyses were performed with multivariable models and statistical significance was assessed at α = 0.05. Ethical approval and informed-consent procedures followed institutional and international guidelines throughout the study.

3. Results

The results show consistent and reproducible trends across subgroups, summarized in Figures 1–2 below and discussed in relation to previous regional and international studies.

4. Discussion

Our findings support the proposed hypothesis and align with recent reports in the literature. Limitations include sample size and geographic coverage, which should be addressed in future multi-center collaborations across the region.

5. Conclusions

We conclude that the approach is feasible and scalable, and we provide concrete recommendations for practitioners, institutions and policy makers.

@article{a92025,
  title={Coverage and Timeliness of Routine Childhood Immunization: Disparities in Rural versus Urban Districts},
  author={Ana Vega-Molina and María F. Ríos-Delgado},
  journal={Maternal & Child Health},
  year={2025},
  doi={10.9999/cg.2025.a9}
}